Afrika y'Epfo: Umukambwe Nelson Mandela yitabye Imana afite imyaka 95.

                                                         Nyakwigendera Nelson Mandela

Umukuru w'igihugu cy'Afrika y'Epfo Jacob Zuma yatangarije abaturage b'Afrika y'Epfo, ko igihugu cyabo kibuze umwana wacyo w'Imena. Akimara gutangaza ayo magambo yuzuye akababaro, ibinyamakuru byinshi byo hirya no hino ku isi byasamiye iyi nkuru hejuru, maze byandika bivuga ibigwi bya Nyakwigendera.

Uwavuga ibigwi bya Nelson Mandela bwakwira bugacya. Ariko umuntu yabishyira mu byiciro bitatu by'ingenzi.

1. Nelson Mandela yavutse muri 1918 asanga igihugu cye cy'Afrika y'Epfo gituwemo n'abirabura, abazungu, abahinde n'ibyimanyi. Abazungu bari barigaruriye ubukungu n'ubutegetsi maze bakumira ba nyamwinshi b'abirabura n'abahinde. Mandela ibyo ntibyamushimishije kuko yahise yiyunga n'abanndi barwanashyaka ba ANC yashinzwe muri 1912 bashakaga ko ibintu bihinduka nka Oliver Tambo. Iyi ntwari yakoresheje ibishoboka byose: amategeko, imyigaragambyo kugirango abohore abirabura bari barakandamijwe na politiki ya ruvumwa ishingiye kw'ivangura ruhu  "Apartheid" ariko bimuviramo gufungwa muri 1964 avamo nyuma y' imyaka makumyabiri n'irindwi.

2. Nyuma y'imyaka myinshi afunze, ubutegetsi bw'abazungu  bwakoze uko bushoboye ngo bumufatirane n'ubusaza ndetse n'indwara y'igituntu yatewe n'amabuye yirirwaga asatura, maze bamusaba kureka gukomeza kurwanya ubutegetsi bwabo kugirango bamurekure ave muri gereza. Ibyo Nelson Mandela yarabyanze ahitamo kuguma muri gereza. Mu gihe Amerika, Ubwongereza n'ibindi bihugu by'ibihangange ku isi byabonaga ko abaturage b'Afurika y'Epfo, Abayobozi b'Afrika bahagurutse bagahagarara kugirango Mandela afungurwe, niko kumvisha ba Gashakabuhake bari bamaze imyaka n'imyaniko bashyigikira, ko igihe kigeze ngo Mandela ave muri gereza. Ni uko yasotsemo muri Gashayantare 1990 nyuma y'imyaka 27 afungiwe amaherere. 

3. Abari mu ishyaka rya ANC hafi ya bose bakirije intwari yabo amaboko yombi, nyuma haje kuba amatora ishyaka rya ANC rirayatsinda, Nelson Mandela aba atyo Perezida wa mbere w'umwirabura w'Afrika y'Epfo muri 1994.  Ntabwo byari byoroshye kumvikanisha abirabura bakennye bahejwe mu byiza by'igihugu imyaka amagana, n'abazungu bafite byose kandi aribo bake, ari nabo batsikamiye abandi bagendeye kuri politiki y'ivangura ishingiye ku ibara ry'uruhu. Niyo mpamvu bamwe mu bari muri ANC bizeraga ko Mandela azabafasha kwihimura. Ariko abatekerezaga gutyo barimo n'uwari umugore we nawe warwanyije apartheid ku buryo bugaragara, Winnie  Madikizla Mandela, utaratinyaga kuvuga ko ibyo umugabo akora ataribyo baharaniraga baje kumirwa. Abo bose Mandela yababwiye ijambo ritazibagirana ati: " Niba mushaka kumvugiramo kugirango tworeke igihugu cyacu, birutwa n'uko nasubira muri gereza yanjye i Roben's Island!" Mu gusoza umuntu yarangiza ashima uyu nyakwigendera ukuntu yababariye abamuhemukiye imyaka 27, akunga  abazungu n'abirabura,  kandi ntagundire ubutegetsi, agaha inkoni y'ubuyobozi abakiri bato hakiri kare muri 1999.

Atabarutse nyuma yo kujyanwa mu bitaro inshuro nyinshi kuva mu Kuboza 2012, akenshi yabaga afite ibibazo by'ubuhumekero.

Imana imuhe iruhuko ridashira

Nkusi Joseph
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