IBYO MU 1959 MU RWANDA BIHURIYE HE N’IBY’UBU?

Dogiteri GASANA Anasitazi

Nyuma y’imyaka 55 (1/11/1959) mu Rwanda habaye imyivumbagatanyo(revolution) yo gukuraho ingoma ya Cyami, ubu mu 2014 umuntu yakwibaza ati ese ibyo turimo ubu n’ibyo mu 1959 hari aho byaba bihuriye? Igisubizo ni uko hari aho bihuriye rwose.

                Mu 1959 abahutu nibo bakoze imyivumbagatanyo(revolution) kuko ari bo bari mu bucakara bwa cyami na gihake mu gihugu cyabo. Komisiyo ya l’ONU yari yarasuye u Rwanda mu 1948 itanga umwanzuro ko mu Rwanda hari ubucakara ku banyarwanda bo mu bwoko bw’abahutu, ko rero hakenewe ko abo bahutu bava mu buja no mu buhake. Iyo Komisiyo yabyise Emancipation Hutu.

                Mu 1957, nyuma y’imyaka icyenda l’ONU isabye Umwami w’u Rwanda Rudahigwa ko habaho emancipation hutu akabininira amatwi akayuviramo ibiti, Gregoire Kayibanda na bagenzi be Maximilien Niyonzima, Claver Ndahayo, Isidore Nzeyimana, Calliope Mulindahabi, Godefroid Sentama, Sivestre Munyambonera, Joseph Sibomana, Louis Mbaraga na Joseph Habyarimana banditse inyandiko igaragaza akababaro n’ikandamizwa ry’abanyarwanda bo mu bwoko bw’abahutu mu nzego zose z’ubuzima bw’igihugu. Iyo nyandiko bayishyize ahagaragara taliki ya 24/03/1957 bayita bo ubwabo “Note sur l’aspect social du probleme racial indigene au Rwanda” bayishyikiriza Umwami w’u Rwanda Rudahigwa na Vice- Gouverneur General w’u Rwanda. Icyo basabaga muri rusange ni isangira ry’ubutegetsi n’ibindi byiza byose by’igihugu nko kwiga amashuli no kubona akazi muri leta aho kugirango byiharirwe n’abanyarwanda bamwe bo mu bwoko bw’abatutsi gusa.

                Taliki ya 17/05/1958, Abagaragu 12 bakuru b’Umwami Rudahigwa bashubije Gregoire Kayibanda ba bagenzi be bababwira ko ntacyo bafite gusangira cy’igihugu kuko ntacyo bapfana, ko icyo bapfana ari uko abahutu bababera abagaragu abatutsi bakababera ba shebuja. Abagaragu bakuru b’umwami Rudahigwa banditse icyo gisubizo bakagishyiraho umukono ni: Kayijuka, Serukamba, Rukemampunzi,  Mazina, Rwesa,  Sebaganji, Ruzagiriza, Ndamage, Sezibera, Sekabwa,  Nkeramiheto, na Shamukiga.

                Nyuma y’italiki ya 25/07/1959 Umwami Rudahigwa amaze gutanga asimbuwe na murumuna we Kigeli V,  politiki yo kunangira no kwanga gusangira ubutegetsi n’abahutu ni yo yakomeje , maze Umwami Kigeli V afatanije n’ishyaka UNAR batangira gukora amalisiti y’abahutu bize n’abahutu b’abacuruzi bakomeye kugirango bicwe. Yahise ashyiraho Umugaba Mukuru w’Ingabo ariwe Oswald Nkuranga, umututsi wari wungirijwe n’umutwa Harelinka abashinga kujya kwica abahutu bize n’ababacuruzi bakurikira: abasinye inyandiko yo kuya 24/3/1957 aribo Gregoire Kayibanga na bagenzi be, bongeraho Secyugu wari umucuruzi ukomeye i Nyanza, Dominiko Mbonyumutwa wari sous-chef ku Ndiza muri Gitarama, Mukwiye wari umucuruzi i Cyanika ku Gikongoro, Nsokana, Habarugira, Birekeraho, Ntirizibwami, Gatabazi,  Sebushishi, Ntagombwa, Kabayiza, Munyandekwe, Sindibona na Kajangwe bose b’i Gitarama, Joseph Kanyaruka  n’umuvandimwe we Renzaho, Dominique Gakuba na Venuste Kayuku bose b’i Butare, Shadrak Kamuzinzi wo ku Gisenyi n’abandi benshi, abazwi n’abatazwi abishwe n’abarusimbutse. Aya malisiti y’abahutu bo kwicwa yakorewe i Bwami kwa Kigeli V yo ubwayo anyomoza abavuga ko imyivumbagatanyo(revolution) yo mu 1959 atari abahutu bayitekerereje ko ari abazungu bayikoze. Ni ba ari abazungu, bariya bahutu Umwami Kigeli V yabatangiraga iki ngo bicwe?  Kindi ki kitari uko basabaga isangira ry’ubutegetsi hagati y’abahutu n’abatutsi noneho kwica les leaders hutu bikaba byari ukugirango abasabaga iryo sangira ry’ubutegetsi no guhabwa akazi muri leta bicwe hasigare abaturage badasobanukiwe n’ibyo abajijutse muri bo basabaga.

                Na n’ubu ni uko. Iyo usomye inyandiko ya Gregoire Kayibanda na bagenzi be basabaga kuva mu 1957 ibyo gusangira ubutegetsi, guhabwa akazi muri leta no kujya mu mashuli yisumbuye n’amakuru n’ibindi, usanga ari byo mu mashyaka yo muri opposition dusaba ubu mu 2014: isangira ry’ubutegetsi bwihariwe n’agatsiko k’abantu b’ubwoko bumwe bari iruhande rwa perezida Kagame na FPR ye, abahutu b’intarutsi za mwikize barimo bakaba ari abaje kuvumba iwabo.

                Hakorwa iki rero kugirango akarengane n’ivangurabwoko biri mu Rwanda ubu, bisa n’ibyari bihari mbere ya 1959, biveho bisimburwe n’iyubahirizwa ry’ uburenganzira bwa buri munyarwanda wese nta vangura no gutonesha ubwoko runaka. Hakenewe indi revolution. Uti ese izakorwa na nde? Izakorwa n’abakeneye ko ikorwa, abahutu, kuko ari bo basubiye ku kabo ka mbere ya 1959. Izakorwa n’abatutsi bumva ko ikibazo cy’ipyinagazwa ry’abahutu n’iyicwa ryabo kuva FPR yafata ubutegesti mu 1994 kibareba nabo nk’abenegihugu nyarwanda bakarengera abandi benegihugu.

                N’ubundi mu 1959 hari abatutsi bo mw’ishyaka RADER bari barangajwe imbere na Prosper Bwanakweli na Lazare Ndazaro bari bashyigikiye isangira ry’ubutegetsi n’ibindi byiza byose by’igihugu hagati y’abatutsi n’abahutu. Babigaragaje mu nyandiko yabo batangaje taliki ya 15/11/1959 bayita “la voix de la paix” (inzira y’amahoro), bashyigikira ibitekerezo byari bikubiye mu nyandiko Gregoire Kayibanda na bagenzi be batangaje taliki ya 24/03/1957 nkuko twayivuze haruguru.Aha ikosa rikomeye ryakozwe ni uko ishyaka PARMEHUTU ryanze gufatanya n’ishyaka ry’abatutsi moderes b’ishyaka RADER, rikangisha ngo ni ishyaka rya rubanda nyamwinshi ririhagije ntirikeneye komekana n’agashyaka ka ba nyamuke k’abatutsi kabone niyo kaba gasangiye nabo ibitekerezo by’impinduka muri politiki n’ubutegetsi yari ikenewe. Iyo Gregoire Kayibanda perezida wa PARTI DU MOUVEMENT DE L’EMANCIPATION HUTU(parmehutu) na bagenzi be baza kwemera gukorana na Prosper Bwanakweli na Lazare Ndazaro na bagenzi babo bandi b’abatutsi moderes bo mw’ishyaka RADER, ubu u Rwanda ruba rufite indi sura rudafite ubungubu.

                Ni byo, ni ukuri, u Rwanda muri politiki kuva 2014 rwasubiye inyuma ho imyaka mirongo itanu n’irindwi (57) kuko isangira ry’ubutegetsi hagati y’abatutsi n’abahutu ryasabwaga mu 1957 ni ryo ririmo risabwa ubu mu 2014. Ariko se ubundi banyarwanda uko mubyumva, uko mubibona, mubona ko abana bacu, abuzukuru bacu, abuzukuruza tuzabaraga u Rwanda rumeze rutya? Tuzakomeza dutya se kugeza ryali? Harashakwa rero ingufu z’abanyarwanda bose, abahutu, abatutsi n’abatwa bafatanije kugirango habe ukwivugururura mu bitekerezo n’imyivumbagatanyo(revolution) yo guhirika leta ya Kagame na FPR Inkotanyi. Iyo myivumbagatanyo igakorwa n’abahutu n’abatutsi bose babona ko ari ngombwa kuyikora bagamije guha u Rwanda isura nshya kugirango rube mugongo mugari uheka abana barwo bose ntawe uhejwe, ntawe uherekeje undi, ntawe ugaragiye undi, ntawe uragiye undi nk’uragiye inka cyangwa ihene, ntawaje kuvumba iwabo.

                Bikorewe Savannah muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika taliki ya 01/11/ 2014;

Dr. Gasana Anastase, pereza w’ishyaka PRM/MRP-ABASANGIZI;

Mr. Mukeshimana Isaac, Visi-perezida ushinzwe ibya politiki;

Mr. Batungwanayo Janvier, Visi-perezida ushinzwe ihuzabikorwa