INYANDIKO ZO MU BUBIKO. "Kuva FPR yubura imirwano muri Gashyantare 1993, ni Nyirabayazana w’ inkomere zitabarika, abakuwe mu byabo bagera kuri miliyoni imwe b’abasivile, ubwicanyi bwateguwe kandi bwibasira abantu bari ku rutonde rwateguwe na FPR, gushimuta abasivile bajyanwa muri Uganda, birashoboka ko ikora n’ibikorwa by’ubusahuzi. Ntabwo dushobora kwemeza ubwicanyi buvugwa ko FPR yica abasivile benshi yakoranyije mu manama." Ambasade ya USA i Kigali kuri 25/3/1993. Menya byinshi birenze ibyo umaze gusoma Ambasade ya USA i Kigali yandikiye minisitiri w'ububanyi n'amahanga w'icyo gihugu i Washington DC imubwira uko ibintu byifashe mu Rwanda muri icyo gihe cy'intambara /NKUSI Yozefu.

 Iyi nyandiko yaciye kuri Shikama bwa mbere kuri 9/05/2014

Warren Christopher

Muri iyi myaka irenga 20 FPR imaze ku ntebe y’ikinyoma yakoresheje uburyo bwose bushoboka kugirango ikinyoma yubakiyeho politike yayo gihinduke ukuri. Ngizo za filimu zatwaye akayabo  zagiye zitegurwa na Leta zigashyirwamo n’abakinnyi mpuzamahanga, abanyamahanga bahawe akayabo k’amafranga ngo bandike ibitabo ku murongo bahawe na FPR, ibinyamakuru mpuzamahanga byagiye bihabwa akayabo ngo bitangaze amakuru abogamye, ingendo z’abategetsi  zo kujya gusinziriza amahanga, n’ibindi bikorwa  by’urukozasoni ntakwandika hano.

Nkuko intego ya Shikama ari uguharanira ko ukuri gusimbura kiriya kinyoma cya FPR na Kagame, ijisho ryayo ntirigoheka n’amazuru yayo ntasiba  guhunahuna ahantu hose ukuri kwaba kwihishe ngo kuze guhabwe intebe maze abanyarwanda batunge batunganirwe.  Ni muri urwo rwego, iki cyumweru urubuga rwanyu Shikama  ruzabagezaho zimwe mu nyandiko zo mu rwego rwa fakise(Fax), abari bahagarariye Leta Zunze Ubumwe z’Amerika i Kigali bagiye boherereza  Minisiteri y’ububanyi n’amahanga y’igihugu cyabo mbere y’ihanurwa ry’indege ya Kinani  kuri 6/4/1994. Inyandiko turi bubagezeho none yiswe: «Demukarasi/ imiyoborere n’inkunga ijya mu ngengo y’Imari ya Leta y’u Rwanda» iyi Ambasade ikaba yarayikoze ifatanyije n’ikigo cy’Amerika gishinzwe iterambere mpuzamahanga, ishami ryayo ry’i Kigali. Iyi Fakise iri mu rurimi rw’icyongereza ariko tukaba twagerageje kuyikacanga maze tubashyirira iby’ingenzi byayo mu kinyarwanda(inyandiko zombi murazisanga hasi aha: iy’umwimerere n’ibyo twabakacangiye)

Leta Zunze Ubumwe z’Amerika ni igihugu cy’igihangange umuntu avuze ko aricyo kiyobora isi ataba yibeshye. Abantu benshi bemeza  ( bibeshya cyangwa bari mu kuri) ko Leta Zunze ubumwe z’Amerika zifite uruhare rugaragara mu kaga abanyarwanda barimo kuva muri 1990 kugeza ubu. Ibi bakaba babishingira ku nkunga iki gihugu giha Leta ya FPR kuva muri 1990.

Mu gucukumbura izi nyandiko , ntabwo Shikama igamije kwerekana ukuri ku bivugwa kuri ruriya ruhare rw’amerika mu kaga turimo, ahubwo  ibyo SHIKAMA irangaje imbere ni ibi:

•          Guha urubyiruko rwari rutaravuka amahirwe yo kumenya ukuri ruhereye uko Somambike w’akadasaza wa FPR asesengura ubwe uko ibintu byari bimeze mbere ya 1994,rukagereranya n’ibyo rwigishwa na FPR maze rukivumburira ukuri.
•           Guha amahirwe abiyita abanyepolitike batavuga rumwe na Leta y’Agatsiko ka Kagame gusesengura no gushungura uko politike yari yifashe kuva muri 1990 kugeza 1994 bakamenya amakosa FPR yakoresheje abanyepolitike b’icyo gihe kugirango igere ku butegetsi budasangiwe, maze hagafatwa ingamba ziboneye zo guhangana na politike ya ruvumwa( yica,iroga, isahura, iryanisha amoko n’amadini) ya FPR n’Agatsiko.
•          Kwereka FPR ko ubwicanyi n’andi manyanga yagiye ikorera abanyarwanda kuva muri 1990 byose bizajya hanze kandi ababikoze bakabihanirwa. Ni igihe gusa, ntawe uzahemukira abanyarwanda ngo abikire.
•           Guha amahirwe abanyarwanda yo gushakira ibisubizo ibibazo bikurikira:

Warren Christopher
USA secretary of State : 20/1/1993-17/1/1997

1. ·         Ni ukubera iki USA zari zizi ko FPR iriho yica abanyepolitike mbere ya 1994, yicisha amabombe abasivile, ikora ibikorwa by’iterabwoba mu gihugu, ishimuta abanyarwanda ibajyana Uganda, zikarenga zigashyira ku butegetsi  muri 1994 abantu bashinjwa ibi byaha mpuzamahanga byibasiraga inyoko-muntu?
2. ·         Ni ukubera iki USA zarwanye zigaramye ngo hajyeho urukiko rwa Arusha rwagombaga kuburanisha abagize uruhare bose muri jenoside nyarwanda, ariko zikanga ko abambari ba FPR nabo bagezwa muri urwo rukiko kandi ubwazo zariyemereye ( reba Fakise) ko FPR yakoraga ibyaha by’intambara n’ibyibasira inyoko-muntu na mbere y’iyi jenoside, nabyo byagombaga kuburanishwa na ruriya rukiko, bityo FPR nayo ikaba yaragombaga kugezwa Arusha ?
3. ·         Ni ukubera iki USA zashishikajwe cyane no guhanagura FDLR mu mateka , gushakisha uruhindu abo Kagame na FPR babaga bazitungiye agatoki zigahita zitanga n’ikiguzi k’uzabafata cya miliyoni eshanu z’amadolari, ariko zikaba zidahangayikishijwe n’abantu bakomeje kwicwa na FPR, Gushimutirwa mu bihugu by’amahanga nayo bakajyanwa mu Rwanda, ihigwa bukware ry’abahunze FPR no guhungabanya umutekano mu baturanyi: RDCongo, Burundi na Tanzania ?
4. ·         Ni kuki umukuru w’abicanyi Kagame asigaye asa n’uwibera muri USA aho kuba mu gihugu cye ngo agikorere, mu gihe USA zizi ko uyu mutegetsi yahawe akato mpuzamahanga ( uburaya, cananda  n’ahandi) kubera Politiki ye ishingiye mu kwica no gusahura?

Icyitonderwa: Muri uyu murimo wo kurebera hamwe biriya tuvuze hejuru, turasaba abanyarwanda kutagwa mu mutego wa Kagame na FPR ngo bafate Abanyamerika nk’abanzi b’u Rwanda.Urubuga rushobora kuba rwandikirwa muri ISRAEL rwitwa salem-news.com ruherutse gusohora inyandiko(yometse aha hasi ku migereka) twacishije kuri Shikama mu rurimi rw’icyongereza, yerekanaga ko Leta zunze ubumwe z’Amerika ziyoborwa n’Agatsiko.  Nkuko  Agatsiko k’Amabandi yitwaje intwaro gategeka u Rwanda  nkuko umwe muri ko  Metere Evode N. akita, nta munyarwanda ushobora kuryozwa amabi gakorera mu bihugu by’abaturanyi, ninako nta muturage wa USA ushobora kuryozwa akaga Agatsiko gategeka USA kadushyizemo kifashishije igikoresho cyako FPR kuva muri 1990. 

NKUSI Yozefu
shikamaye.blogspot.no
Shikama ku kuri na Demukarasi (SKUD)

_______IMIGEREKA______________________________________________________________

1. inyandiko ya Ambasade ya USA i Kigali igenewe Minisitiri w'ububanyi n'amahanga wa USA i Washington DC ( ikacanzwe mu kinyarwanda)

Inyandiko ya Ambasade ya Leta zunze ubumwe z’Amerika i Kigali igenewe Minisitiri w’Ububanyi n’Amahanga wa USA i Washington yo kuri  25/3/1993

Ibirimo: Demukarasi/ imiyoborere n’inkunga ijya muri ngengo y’Imari ya Leta y’u Rwanda.

1.       iki ni icyegeranyo cyakozwe ku bufatanye bwa Leta (USA)  n’ikigo cy’ Amerika gishinzwe iterambere mpuzamahanga(USAID)

-U Rwanda rwateye intambwe ishimishije muri Demukarasi. Kimwe cya kabiri cya za Mininsiteri zagiye ku batavuga rumwe na Leta ya Habyarimana. Ingufu z’Ubutegetsi zavuye  mu maboko ya Perezida Habyarimana Yuvenali zijya mu maboko ya Minisitiri w’intebe.

- Amasezerano y’amahoro na FPR ari hafi gushyirwaho umukono . Abayobozi bagaragayeho politiki yo guhembera umwiryane n’intugunda bishingiye ku moko barahagaritswe ubu bakaba bari hafi gusimburwa.

- Amashyaka arakora mu bwisanzure nta nkomyi.

2. Itangazamakuru ryigenga rirakura buri munsi

-U Rwanda rufite itangazamakuru ryigenga riri mu maboko y’abikorera ku giti cyabo kuva muri 1933, umwaka ikinyamakuru Kinyamateka kiyoborwa na Kiliziya Gaturika cyavutseho.

- Nyuma y’ishyirwaho ry’Itegeko-nshinga muri Kamena 1991 ryemera politiki ishingiye ku mashyaka menshi, ubu hari ibinyamakuru bigera kuri mirongo itandatu(60) mu Rwanda.  Bigitangira byageraga byose hamwe kuri magana abiri, ariko ubu mirongo itatu gusa nibyo bicapishwa ku buryo buhoraho.

- Hari amacapiro menshi  ku buryo umuntu ahitamo iryo ashaka( peji 5).

- Nta munyamakuru ushobora gufungwa  mbere y’uko ajyezwa imbere y’ubutabera agahamwa n’icyaha.

3. Uburenganzira bwo kujya mu mashyirahamwe

- Kuva itegeko-nshinga ryo muri 1991 ryafungura urubuga rwa politiki mu Rwanda, Sosiyete sivile yagiye ikura iniyubaka ku buryo bugaragara. Itegeko-nshinga  ryo mu Rwanda riteganya uburenganzira bwo kwishyira hamwe no gukora amanama.

- Iri tegeko-nshinga ryemera  kandi  imyigaragambyo, imyiyereko  no guteranira ahantu rusange

- Nkuko rinateganya uko amashyaka yandikwa: Minisitri w’ubutegetsi bw’igihugu agomba kwandika amashyaka abyifuza.

4. Amashyaka ya  Politike( Peji 5)

-Muri Nyakanga 1991, hashyizweho itegeko rigenga politike y’amashyaka menshi , rishyira mu bikorwa politike y’amashyaka menshi mu Rwanda igenwa n’itegeko-nshiga ryo muri 1991, ryemerera abantu 30 cyangwa barenga kwaka kwemerwa na Leta y’u Rwanda nk’ishyaka rya politiki.

- Kugeza ubu amashyaka agera kuri cumi n’atandatu ( 16) amaze kwandikwa kandi arakora politike mu gihugu nta nkomyi.

- Nubwo urubyiruko rushyigikiye amashyaka anyuranye rukomokamo rwagiye rusubiranamo,  hakabonekamo inkomere n’impfu, ntabwo Leta yigeze ibuza amashyaka gukora . Biturutse ku bitero bya FPR byo muri Gashyantare 1993, Leta ya Habyarimana Juvenal yabujije za mitingi z’amashyaka ariko abatavuga rumwe nawe barabirwanyije usibye ko kugeza ubu ntawe urarenga kuri ayo mabwiriza. ( Peji 7).

5. Imiryango iharanira uburenganzira bwa muntu.

- Imiryango iharanira uburenganzira bwa muntu  ubu igera kuri itanu(5) irakora neza   ibikorwa by’ubugenzuzi no gutanga serivisi z’ubuvugizi muri 1992, ibikorwa byayo ni akataraboneka.

- Yishyize hamwe cyangwa buri wose ku giti cyawo, iyi miryango yagiye ikora amatohoza ku mwiryane  ushingiye ku moko, umwiryane ushingiye ku mashyaka, n’ibindi bikorwa by’urugomo bibangamira uburenganzira bwa muntu.

-Muby’ukuri, imiryango iharanira uburenganzira bwa muntu yubatse ubwumvikane hagati yayo na Leta y’inziba-cyuho ishingiye ku mashyaka menshi.

6. Ingaga z’abakozi

- Urugaga rusange rw’abakozi CESTRAR rurigenga. Ntabwo rukigendera ku mabwiriza y’ishyaka rya  MRND kuva muri 1991. Ariko hari n’izindi ngaga enye(4) zemewe na Guverinema zimaze imyaka ibiri zikora. Itegeko-nshinga ryemera imyigaragambyo hagarika-kazi.

7. Uburenganzira bwa muntu( Peji12)

-Muri 1992, mu Rwanda habayeho kwiyongera ku buryo bugaragara  uburenganzira bwo kuvuga icyo ushaka, uburenganzira bwo gukora za mitingi n’uburenganzira bwo kujya mu mashyirahamwe. Ibi  byatumye sosiyete sivile yiyubaka igira n’ingufu.

- Ariko kubura imirwano kwa FPR byo muri Gashyantare 1993, byatumye umubare w’abavanywe mu byabo uva kuri 350,000 ukagera kuri miliyoni imwe ( 1,000,000) byagize ingaruka kuri biriya bivuzwe hejuru.

-  Hejuru y’ukwiyongera kw’abavanywe mu byabo, no mu duce tutarangwamo intambara ibikorwa bya politike byagiye irudubi, hari uguturika kwa za bombe n’uduteroshuma tw’abantu bitwaje intwaro, ibi bikaba byarahungabanyije umutekano mu gihugu cy’u Rwanda muri rusange.

- ibyegeranyo by’iyicwa ry’abantu bategejejwe mu butabera, iyicarubozo, ishimutwa, ifungwa ridakurikije amategeko n’ikubitwa ry’imfungwa bisa n’ibyarangiye kuva aho hagiriyeho Guverinema ihuriweho n’amashyaka menshi muri 1992.

- Ariko kuva FPR yakubura imirwano muri Gashyantare 1993, ubwicanyi bwongeye kwigaragaza mu Rwanda. Abantu bashyigikiye MRND baricwa tutaretse na bamwe mu batutsi bashinjwa gukorana na FPR.

-  Interahamwe zirashinjwa kuba zarishe abatutsi mu Bigogwe.

- Kuva   FPR yubura imirwano muri Gashyantare 1993, ni Nyirabayazana w’ inkomere zitabarika, abakuwe mu byabo bagera kuri miliyoni imwe b’abasivile, ubwicanyi bwateguwe kandi bwibasira abantu bari ku rutonde rwateguwe na FPR, gushimuta abasivile bajyanwa muri Uganda, birashoboka ko ikora n’ibikorwa by’ubusahuzi.  Ntabwo dushobora kwemeza ubwicanyi buvugwa ko FPR yica abasivile benshi yakoranyije mu manama.(Peji 12)

- Komisiyo mpuzamahanga yigenga yatumijwe n’imiryango iharanira uburenganzira bwa muntu mu Rwanda, yakoze amatohoza kuri iyi ntambara imaze imyaka 2 mu Rwanda( 1990,1991, na 1993). Aya matohoza akaba yarafashe ibyumweru bitatu.

- Aya matohoza yagaragaje ko habayeho impfu z’abantu bagera ku bihumbi bibiri(2000) by’abasivile, ibisoda, n’abasivile bakaba barazigizemo uruhare, hakaba hatungwa agatoki by’umwihariko FPR na MRND. ( Peji 13)

8. Ikoreshwa ry’imari ku buryo busobanutse kandi neza

- Miinisitiri w’Imari yatweretse amakonti yose nkuko USAID yabimusabaga; ntiyigeze ajijinganya.Byagaragaye ko mbere y’intambara, igisirikare cyahabwaga 2% by’ingengo y’imari naho kuva intambara yaduka, icyo gisoda gihabwa 7% ku ngengo y’imari.

- Nyuma y’ibitero bya FPR byo muri Gashyantare 1993, byabaye ngombwa ko Guverinema yongera miliyaridi 20 z’amafranga y’u Rwanda  ku bikorwa bya gisirikare, na miliyaridi 20 z’amafranga y’u Rwanda yo gufasha abakuwe mu byabo n’intambara.

9. Amatariki y’amatora ntivugwaho rumwe n’abo bireba

- Ishyaka rya MRND ririfuza amatora mu bihe bya vuba, ariko amashyaka atavuga rumwe na MRND na FPR bakaba bifuza ko amatariki yakwigizwayo kugirango bitegure bihagije.

10. Ubutabera

Kugeza ubu biragaragara ko abacamanza benshi  bo hejuru bagishyirwaho na MRND. Nubwo bamwe mu bari basanzwe mu bucamanza bagaragaje ko bari mu mashyaka atavuga rumwe na MRND, biragaragara ko ubucamanza bukigendera ku matwara ya MRND.

Umwanzuro: amahoro n’ejo hazaza heza h’u Rwanda, bizava mu ishyirwa mu bikorwa by’amasezerano y’Arusha.

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2. inyandiko ya Ambasade ya USA i Kigali igenewe Minisitiri w'ububanyi n'amahanga wa USA i Washington DC ( umwimerere)

unclassified.USA.PDF

inyandiko ya Ambasade ya USA igenewe Minisitiri w'ububanyi n'amahanga wa USA yo muri 1993

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3. Inyandiko yasotse ku rubuga salem-news.com rushobora kuba rwandikirwa muri ISRAEL ivuga ko USA ziyoborwa n'Agatsiko .

America is an Oligarchy, University Study Finds

Ralph E Stone Salem-News.com

When the economic elites want something, it tends to happen, and if they don’t want something, it tends not to happen.

(SAN FRANCISCO) - America is no longer a democracy, according to a new joint university study. Instead, it has evolved into an oligarchy dominated by moneyed special interests.

The study, entitled "Testing Theories of American Politics:  Elites, Interest Groups, and Average Citizens" by Martin Gilens of Princeton University and Benjamin Page of Northwestern University, concludes that ordinary citizens have effectively lost their say over public policy. Thus, America now resembles an “economic elite domination” or a form of government in which the wealthy economic elite (less than 1 percent of the population) has near exclusive control over policy-making decisions.

“The central point that emerges from our research is that economic elites and organized groups representing business interests have substantial independent impacts on U.S. government policy, while mass-based interest groups and average citizens have little or no independent influence,” the authors state. “Our findings indicate, the majority does not rule – at least not in the causal sense of actually determining policy outcomes. When a majority of citizens disagrees with economic elites and/or with organized interests, they generally lose. Moreover, because of the strong status quo bias built into the U.S. political system, even when fairly large majorities of Americans favor policy change, they generally do not get it.”

In other words, when the economic elites want something, it tends to happen, and if they don’ t want something, it tends not to happen. In effect, the elite class wields veto power over maintaining a “status quo bias” to guarantee a long life of oligarchical control which began to emerge during the Reagan administration.

The data under scrutiny in the study was from 1981-2002. Imagine how much worse things have gotten since the 2008 financial crisis. The study found that even when 80 percent of the population favored a particular public policy change, it was only instituted 43 percent of the time. We saw this with the bank bailout in 2008, when Americans across the board were opposed to it, but Congress passed the Troubled Asset Relief Program (TARP) anyway.

The study’s conclusions should not be a surprise to anyone who has been paying attention. So why should we care? We should care for at least two reasons: First, there is a certain influential segment of the population which requires empirical evidence and academic studies before they will accept uncomfortable truths. Second, the study may actually prove helpful in making the case for publicly funded elections and other campaign and lobbying reforms.

The late George Carlin was one of the first luminaries to shine a light on political elitism in America, famously stating that America’s political class is a“big club, and you ain’t in it.”

Source:

 Salem-News.com