ISABUKURU Y’IMYAKA 50 BANKI NKURU Y’URWANDA « B.N.R » IMAZE ISHINZWE YIZIHIRIJWE MU BWIHUGIKO BWA SERENA-KIGALI KUKO UBUKUNGU BUGEZE AHARINDIMUKA NGO HATO ABATURAGE BATISHYUZA ABAJURA BO MU GATSIKO KA F.P.R KABASAHUYE AMAMILIYARI Y’INOTI KITWIKIRIYE UMUTAKA W’ISHINGWA N’IHIRIMA RY’IBIGO BY’IMARI ICIRIRITSE (MICROFINANCE)/TEGERA E.

Inoti y'ijana ya kera irusha agaciro inoti y'ubu ya bitanu!

Ubwo SHIKAMA yashingwaga muri Kamena 2013, ku gitekerezo rukumbi cya Dogiteri NKUSI Yozefu w’umunyarwanda kuri Se na Nyina, intego rukumbi yari «Guharanira ko ukuri gusimbura ikinyoma» mu buzima bw’abanyarwanda kandi mu byiciro byose bibugize haba ubukungu, politiki, ububanyi n’amahanga, ubutabera, siporo, igisirikari, umutekano, n’ibindi.

Nyuma gato SHIKAMA ikimara kugera ahabona, tukabona uko inkuru zandikiweho zitunganye, twahise twifatanya na Dogiteri NKUSI kugira ngo tumufashe gushyira mu bikorwa igitekerezo cye cyiza cyo kubwira abanyarwanda ukuri ku buzima na politiki byabo hagamijwe ineza y’abanyarwanda bose nta n’umwe uhejwe.

Mu nkuru nyinshi SHIKAMA tubagezaho ntidusiba kugaruka ku bukungu bw’igihugu cyacu byasubiye inyuma bikomeye bitewe n’ubujura bw’agatsiko ka FPR buganje i Kigali bugamije gusa gusahura abenegihugu no kubajujubya bigakorwa mu mayeri abatazi ibirebana n’icungamutungo badashobora gucyeka no gupfa gutahura.

Ikigereranyo kw’isubiranyuma ry’ubukungu bw’u Rwanda (1960-2014)

Abayobozi b’u Rwanda birirwa bidoga bavuga ngo ubukungu bwazamutse butera imbere maze ababari imbere bakabakomera amashyi. Abakoma amashyi bashobora kuba ari abize bishakira umugati bakabyica babizi cyangwa se bakaba ari abaturage b’abanyarwanda batagize amahirwe yo kuminuza mu birebana n’icungamutungo rya rubanda ku rwego rw’igihugu.

Ibi twandika tubifitiye ibisobanuro bifatika byerekana ukuntu ubutegetsi bwa FPR bwadindije ubukungu bw’u Rwanda ku buryo bukomeye kandi bukwiye gufatirwa ingamba zikomeye. Muri Nyakanga 1962 ukwezi u Rwanda rwabonyemo ubwigenge Kagame atemera kugeza ubu, icyo gihe idorari rimwe ry’Amerika (1$) ryavunjaga amafaranga y’u Rwanda mirongo itanu (50 Frw).

Iyi noti y’1000 yakozwe na BNR ku bunani mu 1988 ikaba yararushaga agaciro 13,000 by’uyu munsi 2014

Muri iki gihe ubukungu bw’u Rwanda bwari bwiza cyane kuko iri faranga ry’u Rwanda ryakomeje kwihagararaho kugera m’Ukuboza 1965 aho idorari ry’Amerika ryari rikigura 50 Frw. Ku italiki 05 Nyakanga 1973 umunsi General Major HABYARIMANA Juvenal yafataga ubutegetsi, idorari ry’Amerika ryavunjwaga amanyarwanda mirongo inani n’atatu n’ibice icyenda (83,9 Frw).

Kagame wirirwa abeshya abantu ngo Hbyarimana na KAYIBANDA ntacyo yakoze; asome iyi nkuru ya SHIKAMA kuko guhera muri 1973 kugeza mu 1990 ubwo FPR yatsaga umuriro ku Rwanda, ubukungu bwari bumeze neza cyane, cyane ariko ku buryo ndetse bwagiye burushaho gutera imbere kuko mu kwezi kw’Ukwakira 1990 ariko FPR yateyemo, idorari rimwe ry’Amerika ryavunjaga amanyarwanda (74 Rwf).

Inoti y’100 yakozwe na BNR muri Kanama 1982 : Murayibuka tuyita Nyiranez ahetse Rubaduka : Iyi noti agaciro kayo kari ntagereranywa mu mibereho y’umuryango.

Ibi bikaba byerekana ko ubutegetsi bwa Habyarimana bwari buzi gucunga umutungo wa rubanda bikomeye no kwifuriza abaturage ibyiza no kurinda agaciro k’ifaranga ku buryo buhanitse. Ibintu byatangiye kuzamba mu ntambara kuko indege ya Habyarimana ihanurwa ku italiki 06 Mata 1994, idorari ry’Amerika ryavunjwaga amanyarwanda (137,5 Frw).

Ubutegetsi bwa FPR bwananiwe kubumbatira ifaranga ry’igihugu kuko m’Ukuboza 1995 idorari rimwe ry’Amerika ryavunjaga amanyarwanda (247 Rwf), mu kwezi kwakurikiyeho, ni ukuvuga muri Mutarama 1996, ryavunjaga 312 Frw. Muri Werurwe 2000, idorari ryavunjaga 405 Frw.

Iyi noti ya 5000 yakozwe muri Gashyantare 2009 ntacyo igura kubera ubukungu bwazambijwe na FPR

Muri kanama 2001, idorari ry’Amerika ryavunjaga 457 Frw, ubukungu bw’u Rwanda bwakomeje kuzamba bitewe no gucungwa n’abaswa wagira ngo ntibageze mu ishuri kuko muri Mutarama 2003, idorari ry’Amerika ryavunjaga 505 Frw, m’Ukwakira 2010, ryavunjaga 585 Frw.

Ubu rero ibintu bimeze nabi cyane kuko ifaranga ry’u Rwanda ririmo guta agaciro umunsi ku munsi isaha ku isaha ndetse umunota ku munota kuko muri Mutarama 2014, idorari ry’Amerika ryavunjaga 679,4 Frw, mu gihe ubu uyu munsi taliki 21 Nyakanga 2014, saa 09h22min ku isaha ya hano i Kigali, ndimo wandika iyi nkuru; idorari rimwe ry’Amerika ririmo kuvunjwa n’amafaranga y’u Rwanda 680,5Frw.

Ku badasobanukiwe ibirebana n’icungamutungo rihambaye ni ukuvuga ko ubu muri iki gitondo ufite idorari rimwe ry’Amerika ushaka amanyarwanda banki yose wakwinjiramo mu Rwanda baguha amafaranga y’u Rwanda 680 n’urumiya.   

Urutonde rw’abategetse BNR guhera ishingwa mu 1964

Guhera mu 1964 kugera 1965 BNR yayobowe n’umunyamahanga witwa Brandon J.A, guhera mu 1965 kugera 1971 yategetswe na MASAYA Hatori, guhera mu 1971 kugera mu 1986 BNR yategetswe na BIRARA Yohani Berikimasi, guhera mu 1986 kugera mu 1992 yategetswe na RUZINDANA Agusitini.

Bwana MASAYA Hatoli wategetse BNR (1965-1971)

Guhera mu 1992 kugeza mu 1994, BNR yategetswe na NTIRUGIRIMBABAZI Denis, guhera mu 1994 kugera mu 1995 yategetswe na NIYITEGEKA Gérard, kuva mu 1996 kugera muri 2002 yategetswe na MUTEMBEREZI Faransisiko, guhera mu 2002 kugera muri 2011 BNR yategetswe na KANIMBA Faransisiko.

Bwana BIRARA Yohani Berikimasi wategetse BNR imyaka 16 yose (1971-1986) akaba akwiye kubishimirwa n’abanyarwanda bashyira mu gaciro kuko ubukungu bwari buhagaze neza cyane

Guhera muri 2011 kugera muri 2013, BNR yatobanzwe na Ambasaderi GATETE Claver waje gusimburwa ejobundi muri 2013 na RWANGOMBWA John nawe ubu urimo kuyitoba ngo arayiyobora. Aba bombi bakaba baraguranye nk’abahinduranya amapantalo bikozwe na Kagame aho uwari muri MINECOFIN yagiye muri BNR naho uwari muri BNR nawe agahita ajya muri MINECOFIN.

Kwiba abaturage no kubabuza kongera umusaruro

Muri SHIKAMA dushingiye kuri iyi mibare tumaze kubaha, murabona ko ubutegetsi bwa KAYIBANDA Grégoire n’ubwa HABYARIMANA Juvenal bwacunze neza umutungo wa rubanda ariko ubutegetsi bwa KAGAME bukaba bwarasubije inyuma ubukungu bw’u Rwanda ku kigereranyo kingana n’inshuro igihumbi magana atatu na mirongo itandatu na rimwe ku ijana 1361 %.

Ibi nabyo ntyibyapfa kumvikana kuri bose. Uko ubibona ni uku : « Urafata amafaranga idorari ry’Amerika rivunja uyu munsi ariyo (680,5) uyagabanye n’ayo ryavunjaga muri Nyakanga 1962 u Rwanda rubona ubwigenge ubikube n’ijana (680,5 : 50) x 100 = 13,61 uhite ubona 1361% aribyo twita (Taux d’actualisation de la monnaie nationale).

Kagame rero uvuga ko ntacyo abamubanjirije bakoze ahubwo amenye ko u Rwanda rwamaze kumutwikirwa hejuru dore ko n’utwo bari basigaranye ejo twahiriye mu nganda i Gikondo. Icyo ibi bisobanuye ni uko umusaruro w’igihugu ukomeza kuba muke noneho abaryi bakaba benshi ku isoko bajya guhaha bakabura ibyo bagura noneho ubicuruza akazamura ibiciro (INFLATION).

Nyakubahwa Minisitiri KANIMBA Faransisiko wategetse BNR imyaka 9 yose (2002-2011),akaba n’umuhamya-mboni w’ukuntu agatsiko ka FPR kibye abaturage za miliyari muri Mikorofinansi

Iki kibazo kikaba cyaratewe na FPR kandi aho bigeze ikaba itagifite ubushobozi bwo kukigarura mu buryo uretse gusa ubutegetsi buhindutse hagakorwa ifaranga rishya hashyirwaho na sisiteme nshya yo gucunga umutungo wa rubanda no guhindura politiki y’ubuhinzi bityo abajura bose bakavanwa mu butegetsi bwite bwa Leta.

Mu rwego rwo kubuza abaturage kongera umusaruro, FPR yabujije abanyarwanda gukomeza guhinga ibihingwa ngandura-rugo ibi babyongeraho no gusahura igihugu n’amafaranga ahari bakayashyira mu biganza by’muntu umwe ariwe Paul KAGAME.

Ikindi ni uko FPR yakoresheje amayeri abaturage batapfa kuvumbura yo kubakangurira gushinga ibigo by’imari iciriritse byari icyaduka mu Rwanda (MICROFINANCES INSTITUTIONS) maze abaturage bakabyitabira amafaranga yamara kugwira FPR ikayasahura. Ibi bikaba byarabereye mu maso ya KANIMBA Faransisiko wayoboraga B.N.R icyo gihe.

Nzi neza ko ibi nandika ubutegetsi bwa FPR nibumara guhirima KANIMBA akazaba agihumeka, azabihamiriza abanyarwanda. Uko byagenze ngo bayasahure ni uko abasirikari bakuru bo mu gatsiko bikundishije ku bayoboraga ibyo bigo by’imari nyuma baza kubafasha kuyarigisa abaturage babihomberamo nyuma Kagame ayobya uburari asaba BNR kuzishyura abaturage.

Ibi bikaba byari icenga ryo kujijisha abaturage kuko utakwishyura umuntu icyo atakugurije. Ubu abaturage bakomeje gutegereza amaso ahera mu kirere. Guverineri KANIMBA wakoze ibishoboka byose ngo abaturage basubizwe ibyabo yubahirije amategeko, Kagame yabonye ashaka kuyabaha ahitamo kumuvana muri BNR amujyana muri minisiteri y’amakoperative MINICOM bityo BNR ayegurira bene wabo bo mu Gatsiko bazamufasha gukomeza kuyisahura uko babyumva.

Ubu bujura kandi FPR yashatse kubukora no muri banki y’abaturage y’u Rwanda ariko WACCO yo mu Busuwisi yayishinze ihita ibaha gasopo. Nyamara WACCO yagiye kubimenya banki z’abatutrage zimwe na zimwe zategekwaga n’abagore b’abautsikazi abasirikari bo mu gatsiko baramaze kuzisahura.

RWANGOMBWA John wo mu gatsiko ushinzwe kubahiriza ibyo Kagame avuze nta bugororangingo : «Amafaranga yahindutse ibipapuro kuko ubukungu Kagame yaburoshye mu rwobo Rwabayanga»

Iyibukwa cyane ni banki y’aturage ya MUSAMBIRA i Gitarama yayoborwaga n’umugore w’umututsikazi uzwi ku izina rya ZOUZOU wabaye inshuti magara na Major Moses RUBIMBURA wayoboraga ingabo i Gitarama akamwambura miliyoni mirongo irindwi n’umunani (78,000,000 Rwf) za banki y’abaturage.

Uyu mugore wahenzwe ubwenge n’abo mu gatsiko ko bazamujyana kwiga muri U.S.A ngo kuko ari umucikacumu w’umututsikazi byamugizeho ingaruka kuko U.B.P.R yahise imwirukana, umutungo yashakanye n’umugabo utezwa cyamunara wose, atana n’umugabo we, abura akazi ubu akaba asigaye yirirwa asabiriza i Gitarama yarabuze n’akodesha inzu none aherutse no gukora impanuka ikomeye iramumugaza ubu aracumbagirira ku mbago kuko yahindutse ikimuga.

Uru ni urugero rumwe SHIKAMA tubahaye ariko hari n’izindi zitabarika z’amafuti n’ubujura bukorwa na FPR. Ubwo rero abavuga ngo mwararokotse mumenye ibyago byabaye ku muvandimwe wacu kandi mumenye ko FPR nta mpuhwe ibafitiye haba na nkeya kandi simbabeshya ndababwira ukuri. 

Amafaranga yabaye ibipapuro

BNR twagerageje kubanyuriramo abayiyoboye n’igihe bayiyoboreye ndetse n’uko itangira yari ifite politiki yo gucunga ifaranga ihamye, ubu bikaba byarazambye kubera ubutegetsi bw’igitugu butemera demukarasi no kungurana ibitekerezo.

Ibi bigaragazwa n’uko ufite inoti y’ibihumbi bitanu y’iki gihe agura bicye cyane ugereranyije n’uwari ufite inoti y’ijana mu 1962 kuko yaguraga byinshi cyane nyine biruta ibihahwa na 5000 Frw uyu munsi. Kugira ngo iki kibazo kirangire nk’uko nabyaditse muri iyi nkuru, hakwiye guhindura imikorere politiki y’ifaranga ikanozwa kandi abaturage bagahabwa uburenganzira bwo guhinga ibyo bashaka kuko aribwo umusaruro wiyongera dore ko na UNWFP / PAM yakoze ubushakashatsi ku nzara iri  u Rwanda ikabitangaho umwanzuro rukumbi.   

TEGERA E.

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Shikama ku Kuri na Demukarasi(SKUD)